I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA
Giới từ là từ loại chỉ sự liên quan giữa các
từ loại trong cụm từ, trong câu. Những từ thường đi sau giới từ là tân ngữ
(Object), Verb + ing, Cụm danh từ ...
- I went into the room.
- I was sitting in the room at that time.
II. VỊ TRÍ
1. Sau TO BE, trước danh từ:
+ The book is on the
table. = quyển sách ở trên bàn.
+ I will study in
australia for 2 years. = tôi sẽ học ở úc trong 2 năm.
2. Sau động từ:
Có thể liền sau động từ, có thể bị 1 từ khác chen giữa động từ và giới từ.
+ I live in ho chi
minh city = tôi sống ở thành phố hồ chí minh.
+ Take off your hat!
cởi nón của bạn ra!
+ I have an
air-conditioner, but i only turn it on in summer. = tôi có máy lạnh, nhưng tôi
chỉ bật nó lên vào mùa hè.
3. Sau tính từ:
+ I'm not worried
about living in a foreign country. = tôi không lo lắng về việc sống ở
nước ngoài.
+ He is not angry with
you. = anh ấy không giận bạn.
III. HÌNH THỨC
1. Giới từ đơn (simple
prepositions): Là giới từ có một chữ : in, at, on, for, from, to, under, over,
with …
2. Giới từ đôi (double
prepositions): Là giới từ được tạo ra bằng cách hợp 2 giới từ đơn lại: Into,
onto, upon, without, within, underneath, throughout, from among …
3. Giới từ kép
(compound prepositions): Là giới từ được tạo thành bằng tiếp đầu ngữ a hoặc be:
About, among, across , amidst, above, against, Before, behind, beside, beyond,
beneath, between, below…
4. Giới từ do phân từ
( participle prepositions ): According to ( tùy theo), during ( trong khoảng ),
owing to ( do ở ), pending ( trong khi) , saving = save = except ( ngoại trừ ),
notwithstanding ( mặc dù ) , past ( hơn, qua ) considering ( xét theo )
concerning/ regarding /touching ( về vấn đề, về ), excepting = except ( ngoại
trừ )
5. Cụm từ được dùng
như giới từ: Giới từ loại này bao gồm cả một cụm từ : Because of ( bởi vì ); By
means of ( do, bằng cách); In spite of (mặc dù); In opposition to ( đối nghịch
với ); On account of ( bởi vì ); In the place of ( thay vì ); In the event of (
nếu mà ); With a view to ( với ý định để );p For the shake of ( vì); On behalf
of ( thay mặt cho); In view of ( xét về ); With reference to ( về vấn đề, liên
hệ tới)
6. Giới từ trá hình:
Đây là nhóm giới từ được ẩn trong hình thức khác: At 7 o'clock (o' = of): Lúc 7
giờ
IV. CÁC LOẠI GIỚI TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP
1) Cheques are useful (with/to/for/on) travellers.
2) Are you successful (on/in/at/to) your experiment?
3) She got back safe (for/from/with/to) her adventure.
4) It was very lucky (to/for/of/with) me that my bag was found.
5) He seems friendly (on/to/for/about) everyone in the village.
6) She was sad (about/for/with/to) my refusal.
7) Quang Linh is popular (with/for/to/in) folk songs.
8) The student is quick (with/at/on/to) understanding what the teacher explains.
9) The story is very pleasant (to/with/for/in) us.
10) He is very kind (to/of/with/for) me.
11) I'm capable (of/with/for/to) speaking two languages.
12) She is never late (to/for/with/from) work.
13) It was very nice (to/of/in/for) him to give me a lift.
14) Yesterday Nga was absent (with/from/to/for) class because she was ill.
15) Contrary (to/with/for/about) his doctor's orders, he has gone back to work.
16) Don't worry (about/with/to/for) the money! I'll lend you.
17) They have been waiting (for/with/to/at) the bus for half an hour.
18) Why don't you ask (with/to/for/on) a pay increase?
19) He took advantage (of/in/about/for) this opportunity to explain why he had done that.
20) The weeks went slowly (by/with/of/for).
21) You have to move this box to make room (for/to/about/with) the new television set.
22) Nowadays we rely increasingly (on/in/at/to) computers to regulate the flow of traffic in the town.
23) Translate these sentences (for/into/with/of) English.
24) Have you taken notice (to/for/of/with) the sign "No Smoking"?
25) Ken prefers Chinese food (about/to/over/with) French food.
26) Don't shout (to/at/with/for) the child when he makes a mistake.
27) Last Sunday I was invited (to/on/in/at) his wedding party.
28) I have been looking (after/for/into/at) my dog for two days but I haven't seen it yet.
29) I don't care (about/for/with/to) what they have said.
30) I talked to him so enjoyably that I lost track (to/with/of/for) the time.
31) He spent too much money (with/on/to/in) that car.
32) Do you believe (on/at/to/in) God?
33) You must make allowance (to/for/with/of) him because he has been ill.
34) May I start now? Yes, go (up/down/ahead/back).
35) She caught sight (with/of/to/for) a car in the distance.
36) She is leaving (to/for/with/at) Paris.
37) Don't make noise! I'm concentrating (to/on/in/at) the question.
38) Things are going (to/on/out/off) nicely.
39) She has suffered (from/to/with/about) her heart attack.
40) The exchange rate of dollars is going (up/down/on/with) from 16,000 VND to 15,750 VND for one US dollar.
1. We’ll buy a smaller
house when the children have grown________ and left home.
2. The computerisn’t
working. It broke ________this morning.
3. My headaches have
been much better since I gave ________drinking coffee.
4. I turned ________their
offer because they weren’t going to pay me enough money.
5. It was not a
problem. We looked ________his number in the telephone book.
6. Helen takes ________her
mother in many ways.
7. We need to set ________early
tomorrow.
8. The plane took ________very
quickly.
9. Anne’s leaving________
London tomorrow morning.
10. Your friend is
always complaining________ her job.
11. If there was a
technical failure, Gagarin might never get________ to the Earth.
12. Courses like
shoemaking or glass engraving provide people ________practical skills they can
do with their hands.
13. She is famous ________her
beautiful face and sweet voice.
14. We are all aware________
the importance of the environment protection.
15. His opinion is
different________ mine.
16. If you don’t pay
attention________ the teacher, you won’t understand the lesson.
17. I’m not familiar________
his name, but his face seems familiar me.
18. We were very
grateful ________our friends for all of their assistance.
19. No one knew
precisely what would happen________ a human being in space.
20. How would the mind
deal ________the psychological tension?
21. I’m good ________English,
but I’m bad ________Mathematics.
22. Mrs. Brown is
often worried ________money.
23. Her parents are
very pleased ________her French.
24. I’m not interested
________politics.
25. I’m bit short ________money.
Can you lend me some?
26. I was delighted ________the
present you gave me.
27. She was sad
because he was very rude________ her.
28. She was very angry________
Tom.
29. Fred is capable ________doing
better work than he is doing at present.
30. You get bored ________doing
the same thing every day.
31. Thank you. It was
very kind ________you to help me.
32. Mr. Green is
responsible ________hiring employees.
33. There’s really no
need for you to be afraid ________the examination.
34. Ken was proud ________his
good marks on the English.
35. My plan is similar
________yours, but it is different________ Ken’s.
36. Pierre said he had
become quite fond ________American hamburgers.
37. That fashion
magazine is full ________advertising for women’s clothes.
38. Thin gloves aren’t
very suitable________ that kind of work.
39. They were happy________
the results of the election.
40. Y. Gagarin lifted________
into space aboard the Vostok 1 9.07 a.m. Moscow time________12th April, 1961.
41. If you want to
lose weight, you must go ________a diet.
42. You should learn ________heart
all the new words and try to use them in the context.
43. We have been
learning English ________five years.
44. Can you send it to
me ________fax?
45. She’s never
satisfied ________what she has got.
46. She wanted to
borrow some books ________him but she was shy asking.
47. They succeeded ________escaping
________the burning house.
48. I don’t approve ________your
smoking. I wish you would give that habit.
49. Do you think we’ll
find a solution ________the problem?
50. I must try and
look ________ my notes before the exam.
51. He admitted having
opened the suitcase________ asking its owner.
52. Opening the
parcel, he was surprised ________what he saw.
53. She insisted ________him
wearing the red tie.
54. The teacher tried
to explain the new formula ________his students.
55. The English
contest organized ________our teachers is an annual event in my school.
56. The participants
must find ________all the answers in order to go in the next round.
57. Are you excited ________going
on holiday next week?
58. She said to me
“why don’t you relax ________a while?”
59. ________the end of
the film, the heroine was reunited with her family.
60. On behalf ________our
group, he made a speech at the meeting.
61. Have you washed ________your
hands having lunch.
62. He was accused________
having stolen a car.
63. Thank you very
much ________inviting me to your party.
64. We could not play
soccer due________ the bad weather.
65. If you don’t want
to watch TV. Turn it________, please.
66. He is retired. He
lives ________his pension.
67. He’s getting bored
________learning________ heart.
68. The bomb went ________killing
several by-standers.
69. They cancelled the
flight because ________the storm.
70. The local people
are very hospitable ________strangers.
71. Why were you
absent ________class this morning?
72. In English lessons
we always speak ________English.
73. When I bought the
house, my sister helped me ________with a loan.
74. Your father is
very kind________ David.
75. Your plan is
similar ________his.
76. She is accustomed ________getting
up early.
77. This area is rich ________oil.
78. Are you acquainted
________this man?
79. It was very nice ________him
to give me a lift.
80. Smoking is harmful
________our health.
81. Mary always take
good care ________her children.
82. Our study is very
important ________our future and useful ________our country.
83. Why don't you ask ________a
pay increase?
84. Don't shout ________the
child when he makes a mistake.
85. Ken prefers
Chinese food ________French food.
86. How long have they
been working ________the company?
87. He wore a hat,
which made him look________ a spy.
88. I think your
mother should let you make ________your own mind.
89. The pens made ________plastic
are very cheap .
90. Many of the
stories are based ________rumor.
91. Was your friend
successful ________getting a loan from the bank?
92. If you look ________the
book, you can find what you need.
93. You should make
use________ the books you have.
94. She was very upset
________the news other father’s death.
95. How would the body
react________ the extreme changes in temperature?
96. We congratulate
you ________your successful flight.
97. The American
people shared ________the Soviet people their satisfaction for the safe flight.
98. Most of the
streets were named ________national heros.
99. China became the
third country in the world to be able to independently carry ________manned
space flights.
100. He was in orbit around
the Earth ________a speed of more than 17,000 miles per hour.
Đáp án
1. up
2. down
3. up
4. down
5. up
6. after
7. off
8. off
9. for
10. about
11. back
12. with
13. for
14. of
1 5. from
16. to
17. with
18. to
19. to
20. with
21. at/at
22. about
23. with
24. in
25. of
26. with
27. to
28. with
29. of
30. with
31. of
32. for
33. of
34. of
35. to
36. of
37. of
38. for
39. with
40. off / at / on
41. on
42. by
43. for
44. by
45. with
46. from/ of
47. in / from
48. of
49. to
50. through
51. without
52. at
53. on
54. to
55. for
56. out
57. about
58. for
59. at
60. of
61. before
62. of
63. for . of
64. to
65. off
66. on
67. with/by
68. off
69. of
70. to
71. from
72. in
73. out
74. to
75. to
76. to
77. in
78. with
79. of
80. to
81. of
82. for/ for
83. for
84. at
85. to
86. for
87. like
88. up
89. of
90. on
91. in
92. through
93. of
94. about
95. to
96. on
97. with
98. after
99. out
100. at
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