1. Hiện tại đơn:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + V/ V(s;es) + Object...
(-) S do/ does not + V +...
(?) Do/ Does + S + V
_ Hành động xảy ra ở hiện tại: i am here
now
_ Thói quen ở hiện tại: i play soccer
_ Sự thật hiển nhiên;Chân lí ko thể phủ
nhận: the sun rises in the east
* Trạng từ đi kèm:
always; usually; often; sometimes;
occasionally; ever; seldom; rarely; every...
2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + is/am/are + Ving
(-) S + is/am/are not + Ving
(?) Is/Am/ Are + S + Ving
* Cách dùng:
_ Đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm xác định ở
hiện tại
_ Sắp xảy ra có dự định từ trước.
_ Không dùng với các động từ chi giác
như: SEE; HEAR; LIKE; LOVE...
* Trạng từ đi kèm:
At the moment; at this time; right now;
now; ........
3. Hiện tại hoàn thành:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + have/has + PII
(-) S + have/has not + PII
(?) Have/ Has + S + PII
* Cách dùng:
_ Xảy ra trong qúa khứ, kết quả liên
quan đến hiện tại.( Nhấn mạnh đến kết quả của hành động)
* Trạng từ:
just; recently; lately; ever; never;
already; yet; since; for; so far; until now; up to now; up to present..
4. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + have/has been + Ving
(-) S + have/has been + Ving
(?) Have/Has + S + been + Ving
* Cách dùng:
_ Xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài
đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục xảy ra trong tương lai. ( Nhấn mạnh tính
liên tục của hành động)
* Trạng từ đi kèm:
just; recently; lately; ever; never;
since; for….
5. Quá khứ đơn:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + Ved/ PI-cột 2 trong bảng Động từ
bất quy tắc.
(-) S + didn’t + V
(?) Did + S + V
* Cách dúng:
_ Xảy ra và chấm dứt hoán toàn trong quá
khứ.
_ Nhiều hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong
quá khứ.
_ Trong câu điều kiện loại 2.
* Trạng tù đi kèm:
Yesterday; the day before yesterday;
ago; already; last; in + mốc thời gian trong quá khứ.
6. Quá khứ tiếp diễn:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + was/ were + Ving
(-) S + was / were not + Ving.
(?) Was/ Were + S + Ving.
* Cách dùng:
_ Các hành động xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm
xác định trong quá khứ
_ Nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời trong
quá khứ.
_ 1 hành động đang xảy ra 1 hành động
khác xen vào: hành động đang xảy ra dùng QKTD; hành động xen vào dùng QKĐ.
* Từ nối đi kèm:
While; when.
7. Quá khứ hoàn thành:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + had + PII
(-) S + had not + PII
(?) Had + S + PII
*Cách dùng:
_ Một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động
khác trong QK ( hành động xảy ra trước dùng QKHT; hành động xảy ra sau dùng QKĐ)
_ Hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm xác
định trong quá khứ.
_ Trong câu điều kiện loại 3.
* Trạng từ đi kèm:
before; after; when; while; as soon as;
by(trước); already; never; ever; until...
8. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (ít
dùng):
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + had been + Ving
(-) S + hadn’t been + ving
(?) Had + S + been + Ving
* Cách dùng:
_ Chỉ hành động đã và đang diễn ra và có
thể hoàn tất trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ ( nhấn mạnh đến tính
liên tục của hành động)
* Trạng từ:
before; after; when; while; as soon as;
by(trước); already; ever; until…
9. Tương lai đơn:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + will/ shall + V (will ngày nay
có thể dùng với tất cả các
(-) S + will/ shall not + V ngôi nhưng
shall dùng với “ I” và “WE” )
(?)Will / Shall + S + V
* Cách dùng:
_ Sắp xảy ra trong tương lai không có dự
định trước.
_ Câu yêu cầu; đề nghị; lời hứa; dự đoán
cho tương lai.
_ Trong câu điều kiện loại 1.
* Trạng từ:
tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next;
in + thời gian ở tương lai…
Tương lai gần:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + is/am/are + going to + V
(-) S + is/am/ are not + going to + V
(?)Is/Am/ Are + S + going to + V
* Cách dùng:
_ Sắp xảy ra trong tương lai có dự định
trước.
_ Chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai
theo 1 tình huống cho trước.
* Trạng từ:
tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next;
in+ thời gian ở tương lai…
10. Tương lai tiếp diễn:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + will / shall + be + Ving
(-) S + will / shall not + be + Ving
(?) Will / Shall + S + be + Ving
* Cách dùng:
_ Đang xảy ra tại thời điểm xác định
trong tương lai.
_ Nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời trong
tương lai.
* Trạng từ:
các trạng từ như trong tương lai đơn;
nhưng phải dựa vào từng hoàn cảnh cụ thể để chia thì.
11. Tương lai hoàn thành:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + will / shall + have + PII
(-) S will/ shall not + have + PII
(?) Will / Shall + S + have + PII
* Cách dùng:
_ Một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động
khác trong tương lai.
_ Một hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm
xác định trong tương lai.
* Trạng từ:
By the time; By + mốc thời gian trong
quá khứ.
12.Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
* Cấu trúc:
(+) S + will have been + Ving
(-) S + won’t have been + Ving
(?) (How long) + will + S + have been +
Ving
*Cách dùng:
_ Kết hợp với mệnh đề thời gian ( by the
time + thì hiện tại đơn )
_ Diễn tả hành động đã và đang xảy ra và
có thể hoàn tất trước 1 hành động khác trong tương lai.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
By the time + mệnh đề thời gian ở thì
hiện tại; by + ngày/ giờ.
LUYỆN TẬP
1. In all the world, there (be) __________ only 14 mountains that
(reach) _________above 8,000 meters.
2. He sometimes (come) __________ to see his parents.
3. When I (come) __________, she (leave) __________for Dalat ten
minutes ago.
4. My grandfather never (fly) __________ in an airplane, and he
has no intention of ever doing so.
5. We just (decide) __________ that we (undertake) ____________
the job.
6. He told me that he (take) __________ a trip to California the
following week.
7. I knew that this road (be) __________ too narrow.
8. Right now I (attend) __________ class. Yesterday at this time I
(attend) __________class.
9. Tomorrow I’m going to leave for home. When I (arrive)
__________at the airport, Mary (wait) __________ for me.
10. Margaret was born in 1950. By last year, she (live)
__________on this earth for 55 years.
11. The traffic was very heavy. By the time I (get) __________to
Mary’s party, everyone already (arrive) __________
12. I will graduate in June. I (see) __________ you in July. By
the time I (see) __________ you, I (graduate) __________.
13. I (visit) __________ my uncle’s home regularly when I (be)
__________ a child.
14. That book (be) __________ on the table for weeks. You (not
read) __________ it yet?
15. David (wash) __________ his hands. He just (repair) __________
the TV set.
16. You (be) __________here before? Yes, I (spend) __________ my
holidays here last year.
17. We never (meet) __________ him. We don’t know what he (look)
__________ like.
18. The car (be) __________ ready for him by the time he (come)
__________tomorrow.
19. On arriving at home I (find) __________that she just (leave)
__________a few minutes before.
20. When we (arrive) __________ in London tonight, it probably
(rain) __________.
21. It (rain) __________ hard. We can’t do anything until it
(stop) __________
22. Last night we (watch) __________TV when the power (fail)
__________.
23. That evening we (stay) __________up to talk about the town
where he (live) __________for some years.
24. I (sit) __________down for a rest while the shoes (repair)
__________.
25. Half way to the office Paul (turn) __________round and (go)
__________back home because he (forget) __________to turn the gas off.
26. London (change) __________a lot since we first (come)
__________ to live here.
27. While we (talk) __________on the phone the children (start)
__________fighting and (break) __________a window
28. He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting
things he (do) __________ in his life.
29. You know she (stand) __________looking at that picture for the
last twenty minutes.
30. I (spend) __________ a lot of time travelling since I (get)
__________this new job.
31. When we (be) __________ at school we all (study)
__________Latin.
32. When I (meet) __________ him, he (work) __________as a waiter
for a year.
33. After he (finish) __________ breakfast he (sit) __________down
to write some letters.
34. She (have) __________a hard life, but she’s always smiling.
35. I think Jim (be) __________ out of town.
1. When I last saw him, he _____ in London.
A. has lived B. is
living C. was living D. has
been living
2. We _______ Dorothy since last Saturday.
A. don’t see B. haven’t
seen
C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen
3. The train ______ half an hour ago.
A. has been
leaving
B.
left
C. has
left
D. had left
4. Jack ______ the door.
A. has just
painted
B. paint C. will
have painted D. painting
5. My sister ________ for you since yesterday.
A. is looking B. was
looking
C. has been looking D. looked
6. I ______ Texas State University now.
A. am attending
B.
attend
C. was attending
D.
attended
7. He has been selling motorbikes ________.
A. ten years
ago
B. since ten years C. for ten years
ago D. for ten years
8. Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago.
A. discovered B. has
discovered C. had
discovered D. had been discovering
9. He fell down when he ______ towards the church.
A.
run
B. runs
C. was
running D.
had run
10. We _______ there when our father died.
A. still lived B. lived
still C. was still
lived D. was still living
11. They ______ table tennis when their father comes back home.
A. will play B. will be
playing
C. play
D. would play
12. By Christmas, I _______ for Mr. Smith for six years.
A. will have been working B. will
work C. have been working D. will be working
13. I _______ in the room right now.
A. am being B. was being C.
have been being D. am
14. I ______ to New York three times this year.
A. have been B. was
C. were
D.
had been
15. I’ll come and see you before I _______ for the States.
A.
leave B. will
leave C. have
left
D. shall leave
16. The little girl asked what _______ to her friend.
A. has happened
B.
happened
C. had
happened
D. would have been happened
17. John ______ a book when I saw him.
A. is reading B.
read C. was
reading
D. reading
18. He said he _______ return later.
A.
will B.
would C.
can
D. would be
19. Jack ________ the door.
A. has just
opened
B. open
C. have opened
D.
opening
20. I have been waiting for you ______ .
A. since early
morning B.
since 9 a.m
C. for two hours
D.
All are correct
21. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived.
A.
leave B.
left
C. leaves D. had
left
22. By the age of 25, he ______ two famous novels.
A. wrote B.
writes C. has
written D. had written
23. When her husband was in the army, Mary ______ to him twice a
week.
A. was
reading
B. wrote C. was written
D. had written
24. I couldn’t cut the grass because the lawn mower ______ a few
days previously.
A. broke down
B.
has been broken
C. had broken
down
D. breaks down
25. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I
_____ to play.
A.
try
B. tried C.
have tried D. am trying
26. Since _______, I have heard nothing from him.
A. he had left B. he
left C. he has left
D. he was left
27. After I _______ lunch, I looked for my bag.
A.
had B.
had had C. have has
D. have had
28. By the end of next year, George _______ English for two years.
A. will have
learned
B. will learn
C. has learned
D.
would learn
29. The man got out of the car, ________ round to the back and
opened the book.
A. walking B. walked
C.
walks D. walk
30. Henry _______ into the restaurant when the writer was having
dinner.
A. was going B. went
C. has gone D. did
go
31. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ______
dinner.
A. finish B.
finishes C. will finish D.
finishing
32. I will be glad if he _______ with us.
A. had gone B. did go
C.
went D. goes
33 Ask her to come and see me when she _______ her work.
A. finish B.
has
finished
C. finished D. finishing
34. Turn off the gas. Don’t you see that the kettle ________ ?
A.
boil B.
boils C. is
boiling D. boiled
35. Tom and Mary ______ for Vietnam tomorrow.
A.
leave B. are
leaving C. leaving D. are left
36. He always ________ for a walk in the evening.
A.
go
B. is going C.
goes D. going
37. Her brother ______ in Canada at present.
A. working B. works
C. is working D.
work
38. I ______ to the same barber since last year.
A. am going B. have been going C.
go D. had gone
39. Her father ______ when she was a small girl.
A. dies
B. died
C. has died D. had died
40. Last week, my professor promised that he ________ today.
A. would come
B. will come C.
comes D. coming
Exercise 1:
1. are - reach
2. comes
3. came - had left
4. has never flown
5. have just decided -would undertake
6. would take
7. was
8. am attending - was attending
9. arrive -will be waiting
10. had lived
11. got- had already arrived
12. will see - see - will have graduated
13. visited -was
14. has been - haven’t you read
15. is washing - has just repaired
16. Have you been - spent
17. have never met - looks
18. will have been- comes
19. found – had just left
20. arrive – will probably be raining
21. is raining - stops
22. were watching - failed
23. stayed – had lived
24. sat – were being repaired
25. turned – went – had forgotten
26. has changed - came
27. were talking – started - broke
28. had done
29. has been standing
30. have spent - got
31.vwere - studied
32. met – had been working
33. had finished - sat
34. has
35. has been
Exercise 2:
1. C 2. B 3.
B 4. A 5.
C 6. A 7.
D 8. A 9. C 10.
A 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. A
15. A 16. C 17. C 18. B 19.
A 20. D 21. D 22. D 23. B
24. C 25. C 26. B 27. B 28.
A 29. B 30. B 31. B 32.
D 33. B 34. C 35. B 36.
C 37. C 38. B 39. B 40. A
 S + V/ V(s;es) + Object... (-) S do/ does not + V +... (?) Do/ Does + S + V ...){kind=link}
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