So sánh ngang bằng
Cấu trúc 1: S + tobe/V + as + adj/ adv + as + noun/
pronoun
Ví dụ: My car is as
old as yours
- đại
từ sau “as” luôn ở dạng đại từ tân ngữ.
VD: John is as thin as me.
- Có thể thêm các từ như just, almost, nearly, half, twice,
three times…
VD: He can run twice as fast as the others in his team
Cấu trúc 2:
S + V/tobe + the same
+ (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun
My house is the same height as his
Cấu trúc 3:
S + V/tobe +
like/similar to + Noun
He swims like a fish
The film is similar to this director’s last one
Cấu trúc 4:
S + V + as +
many/much/little/few + noun + as + noun/pronoun
He earns as much money as his father.
–
Khi dùng so sánh loại này phải xác định rõ danh từ đó là đếm được hay không đếm
được vì đằng trước chúng có “much” và “many”.
–
Các cấu trúc: twice that much/ many (gấp đôi số đó) chỉ được dùng
trong văn nói, tuyệt đối không được dùng trong văn viết.
Ví dụ:
We had expected eighty people at the meeting, but twice that
many showed up. (văn nói)
We had expected eighty people at the meeting, but twice as
many as that number showed up. (văn viết)
So sánh hơn kém
Cấu trúc 1:
S + V +adjective_er/
(adverb_er)/ (more + adj/adv) / (less + adj/adv) + than + noun/ pronoun
Ví dụ:
He is taller than his father.
She speak English more fluently than her friend.
Cấu trúc 2:
S + V + far/much +
Adj/Adv_er + than + noun/pronoun
S + V + far/much +
more/less + Adj/Adv + than + noun/pronoun
Harry’s watch is far more expensive than mine
He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish.
Cấu trúc 3:
S + V +
more/fewer/less + noun + than + noun/pronoun
February has fewer day than March.
Their jobs allow them less freedom than ours does.
Cấu trúc 4: S +
tobe/V + not + as adj/ adv + as + noun/ pronoun
Hung is not so tall as Quang
- Khi so sánh một người/ một vật với tất cả những người hoặc
vật khác phải thêm else sau anything/anybody...
He is smarter than anybody else in the class.
- Sở hữu cách
His drawings are as perfect as his instructor’s.
(instructor's = instructor's drawings)
- Dùng thêm that of cho danh từ số ít:
The salary of a professor is higher than that of a
secretary. (that of = the salary of)
- Dùng thêm those of cho các danh từ số nhiều:
The duties of a policeman are more dangerous than those of a
teacher (those of = the duties of)
- Khi so sánh giữa 2 người hoặc 2 vật, chỉ được dùng so sánh
hơn kém, không được dùng so sánh bậc nhất, mặc dù trong một số dạng văn nói và
cả văn viết vẫn chấp nhận so sánh bậc nhất.
Of the two shirts, this one is the prettier
So sánh hơn nhất
Cấu trúc: S + V + the + adjective_est/ (adverb_est)/ (the most
+ adj/adv) / (the least + adj/adv) + THAN + noun/ pronoun
She is the tallest girl in the village.
- Thường kết hơp với
+ one of the/some of
the + so sánh hơn nhất + danh từ số nhiều
It is one of the few chances we get to see some of the best athletes in the world
competing against each other.
He is one of the most
generous people I know.
Sau thành ngữ “one of the + superlative“, danh từ phải để ở
dạng số nhiều và động từ chia ở ngôi số ít.
Ví dụ:
One of the greatest football players in the world is Messi.
+ số thứ tự
Our team was the third best in the competition
- Có thể thay thế the bằng sở hữu
My best friend
His greatest achievement
So sánh kép
Cấu trúc 1:
The + comparative + S
+ V + the + comparative + S + V
The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.
Cấu trúc 2:
The more + S + V + the + comparative + S + V
The more you study, the smarter you will become.
Cấu trúc 3:
The more + S + V +
the more + S + V
the more we study the more stupid we feel.
Cấu trúc 4:
S + V + adj + er + and + adj + er
The weather gets colder and colder.
Cấu trúc 5: S + V + more and more + adj
His daughter becomes more and more intelligent.
Cấu trúc 6: The more + N + S + V, the more + N + S + V
The more books you read, the more knowledge you will have.
Cấu trúc 6: The more + N + S + V, the more + N + S + V
The more books you read, the more knowledge you will have.
Luyện tập
Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng để điền vào chỗ trống trong các câu sau.
1. She is ....... singer I’ve ever met.
A. worse
B. bad C. the
worst D. badly
2. Mary is ....... responsible as Peter.
A. more
B. the most C. much D. as
3. It is ....... in the city than it is in the country.
A. noisily
B. more noisier
C. noisier D.
noisy
4. She sings ……….. among the singers I have known.
A. the most beautiful
B. the more beautiful
C. the most beautifully D.
the more beautifully
5. She is ....... student in my class.
A. most hard-working B. more hard-working
C. the most hard-working D. as
hard-working
6. The
English test was ....... than I thought it would be.
A. the
easier
B. more easy
C. easiest
D. easier
7. English
is thought to be ....... than Math.
A. harder
B. the more hard
C. hardest
D. the hardest
8. Jupiter
is ....... planet in the solar system.
A. the biggest
B. the bigger
C. bigger
D. biggest
9. She runs
…… in my class.
A. the
slowest B. the most
slow
C. the
slowly
D. the most slowly
10. My
house is ....... hers.
A. cheap
than B.
cheaper
C. more
cheap than D. cheaper than
11. Her
office is ....... away than mine.
A. father
B . more far
C. farther
D. farer
12. Tom is
....... than David.
A. handsome
B. the more handsome
C. more
handsome
D. the most
handsome
13. He did
the test ……….. I did.
A. as bad
as
B. badder
than
C. more badly than D. worse than
14. A boat
is ....... than a plane.
A. slower
B. slowest
C. more slow
D. more slower
15. My new
sofa is ....... than the old one.
A. more
comfortable
B. comfortably
C. more
comfortabler
D. comfortable
16. My
sister dances ……….. than me.
A.
gooder
B.
weller
C. better
D. more good
17. My
bedroom is ....... room in my house.
A. tidier
than
B. the tidiest
C. the most
tidy
D. more tidier
18. This
road is ....... than that road.
A. narrower
B. narrow
C. the most narrow
D. more narrower
19. He
drives ……. his brother.
A. more
careful
than
B. more carefully
C. more
carefully
than
D. as careful as
20. It was
....... day of the year.
A. the
colder
B. the coldest C.
coldest
D. colder
Bài 2: Điền
vào chỗ trống dạng so sánh đúng của từ trong ngoặc.
1. He is
(clever) ……………………. student in my group.
2. She can’t stay (long) …………………….than 30 minutes.
3. It’s (good) ……………………. holiday I’ve had.
4. Well, the place looks (clean) …………………….now.
5. The red shirt is better but it’s (expensive) ……………………. than the white one.
6. I’ll try to finish the job (quick).…………………….
7. Being a firefighter is (dangerous) ……………………. than being a builder.
8. Lan sings ( sweet ) ………………..than Hoa
9. This is (exciting) ……………………. film I’ve ever seen.
10. He runs ( fast )………………….of all.
11. My Tam is one of (popular) ……………………. singers in my country.
12. Which planet is (close) ……………………. to the Sun?
13. Carol sings as (beautiful) …………………….as Mary, but Cindy sings the (beautiful) …………………….
14. The weather this summer is even (hot) ……………………. than last summer.
15. Your accent is ( bad ) …………………..than mine.
16. Hot dogs are (good) …………………….than hamburgers.
17. They live in a (big) ……………………. house, but Fred lives in a (big) ……………………. one.
18. French is considered to be (difficult) …………………….than English, but Chinese is the (difficult) …………………….language.
19. It’s the (large)……………………. company in the country.
Bài 3: Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
2. She can’t stay (long) …………………….than 30 minutes.
3. It’s (good) ……………………. holiday I’ve had.
4. Well, the place looks (clean) …………………….now.
5. The red shirt is better but it’s (expensive) ……………………. than the white one.
6. I’ll try to finish the job (quick).…………………….
7. Being a firefighter is (dangerous) ……………………. than being a builder.
8. Lan sings ( sweet ) ………………..than Hoa
9. This is (exciting) ……………………. film I’ve ever seen.
10. He runs ( fast )………………….of all.
11. My Tam is one of (popular) ……………………. singers in my country.
12. Which planet is (close) ……………………. to the Sun?
13. Carol sings as (beautiful) …………………….as Mary, but Cindy sings the (beautiful) …………………….
14. The weather this summer is even (hot) ……………………. than last summer.
15. Your accent is ( bad ) …………………..than mine.
16. Hot dogs are (good) …………………….than hamburgers.
17. They live in a (big) ……………………. house, but Fred lives in a (big) ……………………. one.
18. French is considered to be (difficult) …………………….than English, but Chinese is the (difficult) …………………….language.
19. It’s the (large)……………………. company in the country.
Bài 3: Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. Her old
house is bigger than her new one.
-> Her new house…………………………………….........
-> Her new house…………………………………….........
2. No one
in my class is taller than Peter.
-> Peter ……………………………………………….
-> Peter ……………………………………………….
3. The
black dress is more expensive than the white one.
-> The white dress ……………………………………………
-> The white dress ……………………………………………
4.
According to me, English is easier than Maths.
-> According to me, Maths ………………………………….
-> According to me, Maths ………………………………….
5. No one
in my group is more intelligent than Mary.
-> Mary ……………………………………………………….
-> Mary ……………………………………………………….
6. No river
in the world is longer than the Nile.
-> The Nile …………………………………………………..
-> The Nile …………………………………………………..
7. Mount
Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
-> No
mountain ……………………………………………...
8. This is
the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl.
-> She
is ……………………………………………………..
9. He works
much. He feels tired.
-> The
more …………………………………………………
10. This
computer works better than that one.
-> That
computer ……………………………………………..
11.
The apartment is big. The rent is high.
->
The bigger ………………………………………………….
12. We set
off soon. We will arrive soon.
-> The
sooner ……………………………………………………
13. The
joke is good. The laughter is loud.
-> The
better ……………………………………………….……..
14. She
gets fat. She feels tired.
-> The
fatter ……………………………………………….………
15. As he
gets older, he wants to travel less.
-> The
older ……………………………………………….………
16. The
children are excited with the difficult games.
-> The
more ……………………………………………….………
17. People
dive fast. Many accidents happen.
->
The faster ……………………………………………….………
18. I meet
him much. I hate him much
->
The more ……………………………………………….………
19. My boss
works better when he is pressed for time,
->
The less ……………………………………………….…………
20. As he
has much money, he wants to spend much.
->
The more ……………………………………………….…………
21. If you
read many books, you will have much knowledge.
->
The more ……………………………………………………………
22. He speaks
too much and people feel bored.
->
The more ……………………………………………………………
23. The
growth in the economy makes people’s living condition better.
-> The
more ……………………………………………………………..
24. People
learn a lot of things as they travel far.
-> The
farther …………………………………………………………….
Đáp án
Bài 1:
1.
C
2.
D
3. C
4.
C
5. C
6.
D
7.
A
8. A
9.
D
10. D
11.
C
12.
C
13. D
14.
A
15. A
16.
C
17.
B
18. A
19.
C
20. B
Bài 2:
1. the
cleverest
2. longer
3. the best
4. cleaner
5. more expensive
6. more quickly
7. more dangerous
8. more sweetly
9. the most exciting
10. the fastest
11. the most popular
12. the closest
13. beautifully – most beautifully
14. hotter
15. worse
16. better
17. big - bigger
18. more difficult - the most difficult
19. largest
2. longer
3. the best
4. cleaner
5. more expensive
6. more quickly
7. more dangerous
8. more sweetly
9. the most exciting
10. the fastest
11. the most popular
12. the closest
13. beautifully – most beautifully
14. hotter
15. worse
16. better
17. big - bigger
18. more difficult - the most difficult
19. largest
Bài 3:
1. Her new
house isn’t so/as big as her old one.
2. Peter is
the tallest in my class.
3. The
white dress isn’t so/ as expensive as the black one.
4.
According to me, Maths isn’t so/as easy as English.
5. Mary is
the most intelligent in my group.
6. The Nile
is the longest river in the world.
7. No mountain
in the world is higher than Mount Everest.
8. She is
the prettiest girl I have ever met.
9. The more
he works, the more tired he feels.
10. That
computer doesn’t work so/as well as that one.
11.
The bigger the apartment is, the higher the rent is.
12. The sooner we set off, the sooner we arrive
12. The sooner we set off, the sooner we arrive
13. The
better the joke is, the louder the laughter is.
14. The
fatter she gets, the more tired she feels.
15. The
older he gets, the less he want to travel.
16. The
more difficult the games are, the more excited the children are.
17. The
faster people drive, the more accidents happen.
18.The more
I meet him, the more I hate him.
19. The
less time my boss has, the better he works.
20. The
more money he has, the more he wants to spend.
21. The
more books you read, the more knowledge you will have.
22.The more
he speaks, the more bored people feel.
23.The more
the economy grows, the better people’s living condition is.
24. The
farther people travel, the more they learn.
0 nhận xét: