I. DANH TỪ
1. Khái niệm
Là từ gọi tên người, đồ
vật, sự việc hay nơi chốn.
2. Vị trí
- Là chủ ngữ của câu
(thường đứng đầu câu, sau trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Maths is the subject I
like best.
- Sau tính từ (my,
your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful….)
She is a good
teacher.
- Làm tân ngữ, sau động
từ
I like English.
- Sau “enough”
He didn’t have enough
money to buy that car.
- Sau các mạo từ a, an,
the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no, some, any,
few, a few, little, a little,…..(Lưu ý cấu trúc a/an/the + adj + noun)
This book is an
interesting book.
- Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about,
at..
Thanh is good at
literature.
3. Dấu hiện nhận biết
Danh từ thường kết thúc
bằng các đuôi: -tion/-ation, -ment, -er, -or, -ant, -ing, -age, -ship, -ism,
-ity,-ness
Ex:distribution,
information, development, teacher, actor,accountant, teaching,studying,
teenage,friendship, relationship,shoolarship, socialism,ability,
sadness,happiness………..
II. TÍNH TỪ
1. Khái niệm
Là từ cung cấp tính chất
cho danh từ, làm cho danh từ rõ nghĩa hơn, chính xác và đầy đủ hơn.
2. Vị trí
- Trước danh từ: Adj +
N
My Tam is a famous
singer.
- Sau động từ liên kết:
tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj
Tom seems tired now.
- Sau “ too”: S +
tobe/seem/look….+ too +adj…
He is too short to play
basketball.
- Trước “enough”: S +
tobe + adj + enough…
She is tall enough to
play volleyball.
- Trong cấu trúc
so…that: tobe/seem/look/feel…..+ so + adj + that
The weather was so bad
that we decided to stay at home
- Tính từ còn được dùng
dưới các dạng so sánh (lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, the most, less,
as….as)
Meat is more expensive
than fish.
- Tính từ trong câu cảm
thán
How +adj + S + V
What + (a/an) + adj + N How beautiful she is!
3. Dấu hiện nhân biết
Tính từ thường kết thúc
bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -ble, -ive, -ous, -ish, -y, -like, -ic, -ed,-ing
Ex: helful, beautiful,
useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, international,
acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious,
dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy,
healthy, sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired,
interesting, boring
III. TRẠNG TỪ
1. Khái niệm
Là từ bổ sung ý nghĩa
cho một động từ, một tính từ hay một trạng từ khác. Tương tự như tính từ, nó
làm cho các từ mà nó bổ nghĩa rõ ràng, đầy đủ và chính xác hơn.
2. Vị trí
- Trước động từ thường
(nhất là các trạng từ chỉ tần suất: often, always, usually, seldom….)
They often get up at
6am.
- Giữa trợ động từ và động
từ thường
I have recently
finished my homework
- Sau “too”: V (thường)
+ too + adv
The teacher speaks too
quickly.
- Trước “enough”: V (thường)
+ adv + enough
The teacher speaks
slowly enough for us to understand.
- Trong cấu trúc
so….that: V (thường) + so + adv + that
Jack drove so fast that
he caused an accident.
- Đứng cuối câu
The doctor told me to
breathe in slowly.
- Trạng từ cũng thường
đứng một mình ở đầu câu, hoặc giữa câu và cách các thành phần khác của câu bằng
dấu phẩy (,)
Last summer I came back
my home country
It’s raining hard. Tom,
however, goes to school.
3. Dấu hiện nhân biết
Trạng từ thường được
thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ
Ex: beautifully,
usefully, carefully, bly, badly
Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ
đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ (Adj – Adv):
good – well
late late/lately
ill- ill
fast – fast
IV. ĐỘNG TỪ
1. Khái niệm
Là từ diễn tả một hành
động, một tình trạng hay một cảm xúc. Nó xác định chủ từ làm hay chịu đựng một điều
gì.
2. Vị trí
- Vị trí của động từ
trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau chủ ngữ
Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ
nhớ lưu ý thì của nó để chia cho đúng.
My family has five
people
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Động từ thường có các
đuôi: -ate, -fy hoặc –ify, -ize (British –ise), -en, và các tiền tố: be-, en-
V. ĐẠI TỪ
1. Khái niệm
Từ loại đại từ
(Pronouns): Là từ dùng thay cho danh từ để không phải dùng lại danh từ ấy nhiều
lần.
Ví dụ: I, you, them,
who, that, himself, someone.
VI. GIỚI TỪ
1. Khái niệm
Là từ thường dùng với
danh từ và đại từ hay chỉ mối tương quan giữa các từ này với những từ khác, thường
là nhằm diễn tả mối tương quan về hoàn cảnh, thời gian hay vị trí.
Ex: It went by air
mail. The desk was near the window.
VII. LIÊN TỪ
1. Khái niệm
Là từ nối các từ
(words), ngữ (phrases) hay câu (sentences) lại với nhau.
Ex: Peter and Bill are
students. He worked hard because he wanted to succeed.
VIII. THÁN TỪ
1. Khái niệm
Là từ diễn tả tình cảm
hay cảm xúc đột ngột, không ngờ. Các từ loại này không can thiệp vào cú pháp của
câu.
Ex: Hello! Oh! Ah!
LUYỆN TẬP
1. The American War of ____ was won in 1776
A. depending B. dependence C. independence D. independent
2. Although the splitting
of the atom was one of the greatest scientific _____of this century, there are
many people who wish it had never happened.
A. breakdown B. breakthrough C. breakup D. breakaway
3. Burning coal is an
____ way of heating a house.
A. economy B. economic C. economical D. economically
4. There are very few
____ places left on earth. Man has been nearly everywhere.
A. explore B. exploring C. explored D. unexplored
5. The thing I hate
about John is his ____.
A. reliable B. reliability C.
unreliability D.
unrelying
6. The police are
interested in the sudden _____ of the valuable painting.
A. unappearance B. inappearance C. appearance D. disappearance
7. There were 50 _____
in the talent contest.
A. competition B. competitor C. competitors D. competitions
8. Unless something is
done about unemployment, the ____ for the future is not good.
A. lookout B. lookup C. outlook D. look-in
9. His boss told him
off because he had behaved _____.
A. responsible B. responsibly C. irresponsible D. irresponsibly
10. In my opinion, all
____ are equally bad, irrespective of which party they belong to.
A. politicians B. politic C. politician D. politics
11. Britain is a world
leader in the ...............of financial and business service.
A. providing B.
provided C. provision D. provider
12. Her sister is
an.............girl because she has little education at school.
A. educated B. uneducated C. education D.
educational
13.The city of London
has more oversea banks than any other..........centres.
A. financed B. financing C. financial D.
financially
14. The 18th century
was also ...............for the development of science and culture.
A. remarkable B. remarkably C. unremarkable D.
unremarked
15. The city of London
has one of the world’s largest international ..............market.
A. insured B.
insuring C. insurance D. insurer
16. She suffered with
..........in life because her husband had died of cancer.
A. happiness B. happily C. unhappy D.
unhappiness
17. The professor in
this university has been very proud of his national...........
A. reputed B. reputing C. reputation D.
reputable
18. She felt very
depressed because her husband had been.........in defending dis MA thesis.
A. successful B. unsuccessful C. successful D. unsuccessful
1. Learning English is
(help)..................for you to look for a job.
2. There is a (short)...........of
teaching materials and aids in this school.
3. It was (consider).................of
him to celebrate his parents’ golden wedding anniversary.
4. Everyone in her
office doesn’t like her because of her (honest).................
5. It is said that some
poor and developing countries have face up to (literate)....
6. Man really want to
forever, so he believes in (mortal)...............
7. The tourist always
complain about their (comfort).......in this hotel.
8. She has a (pronunciation)...............between
ship and sheep.
9. Various
(practice)...........by police officers were bought to light the enquiry.
10. We should (modern)
................the agriculture in order to improve the living and working
conditions for the farmer.
11. There were some
(regularity)............in the accounts, eg figures that were in correct.
12. Mary’s teacher
praised her for her (impress)..........presentation.
13. Many students are
worried about (employ)..............after graduation because nowadays many
people have not found job yet.
14. Much (happy)
...........can result from doing boring work.
15. The ambassador
misunderstood his secretary for her (interpret)..............
16. She (frequent)
.............goes to the zoo on Sundays to get more information about the
elephants and lions.
17. Their (marry)
..........will be improved by the authorities next week.
18. We are very sorry
for his (lucky)..............
19. Her (appear)
...........makes everyone worried because she is always on the television.
20. I should be
(debt).............to my supervisor for his generous assistance.
1. Detroit is renowned
for the _____________ car. (produce)
2. If you make a good
________________ at the interview, you will get the job. (impress)
3. The
_________________ looked dark and there were hardly any other guests. (enter)
4. My history teacher
has a vast ________________ of past events. (know)
5. You are never too
old to go to college and gain some _______________. ( qualify)
6. My greatest
________________ was graduating from university. (achieve)
7. The weatherman said
there is a strong _______________ of rain today. (possible)
8. Some old laws are no
longer _______________. (effect)
9. Athens is
________________ for its ancient buildings. (fame)
10. He was caught
shoplifting so now he has a ________________ record. (crime)
11. Despite her severe
_________________, she fulfilled her goals in life. (Disable)
12. Being
________________is the worst thing that can happen to someone. (employ)
13. If you buy presents
in the summer your _________________ can be very high. (save)
14. Due to the pilot's
_____________, the copilot managed to land safely. (guide)
15. It's important to
also see the less ________________sides of the job. (desire)
16. I was surprised at
his __________________ to give up. (refuse)
17. Children are by
nature _________________of danger. (aware)
18. She is always
___________________towards her parents. (respect)
19. The hospital has
the best medical _____________and fast ambulances. (equip)
20. You can relax in
the comfortable _______________of the hotel. (surround)
21. It's totally________________ that you stayed
home when you were sick. (understand)
22. Don't laugh at his
stupid jokes! You'll only_________________ him to say them again. (courage)
23. That sidewalk
is_________________, I almost fell! (slip)
24. After Monday, I
will no longer be a foreigner--I am receiving my ________________! (citizen)
25. Arthur will be very
lonely unless you__________________ him. (friend)
26. Every afternoon,
the cooks__________________ their knives in preparation for dinner. (sharp)
27. I hate being around
Mary Lou, she is __________________. (friendly).
28. The stock market
crash of 1929 left my great-grandfather___________________. (penny)
29. I have a class at
8:00 a.m. but I always________________.
(sleep)
30. The groom may
______________the bride only when their vows have been exchanged. (veil)
31. I think we should
try something else. That strategy seems way too________________. (risk)
32. My father's death
left me with a great_________________ in
my heart. (empty)
33. George W. Bush is
pretending that he attacked Iraq to __________________ the Iraqis. (liberty)
34. Americans fought
hard to earn their _________________from Britain. (free)
35. When you work at a
nuclear power plant, you have to be extremely _________________. (care)
36. Every time I think
I've beaten you, you
_________________ me! (do)
37. I had to take three
months off when I was pregnant, but my boss has been very ____________.
(understand)
38. He will
__________________the wine as soon as we are ready for dinner. (cork)
39. You need to work on
your orthography so you don't __________________ (spell) these words. (cork)
40. The weather
________________looks bad for a picnic--rainy and windy! (cast)
ĐÁP ÁN
1. C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.A 11.
C 12.B
13.C 14.A 15.C 16.D 17.C 18.B
1. helpful 2.
Shortage 3.
Considerate 4. Dishonesty
5. illiteracy 6. Immortality 7. Discomfort 8. mispronunciation
9. malpractice 10. Modernize 11. Irregularities 12. impressive
13. unemployment 14. Unhappiness 15.
misinterpretation
16. frequently 17. Marriage 18. Unluckiness
19. disappearance 20. Indebted
1. production 2. impression 3. entrance
4. knowledge 5. qualification 6. achievement
7. possibility 8. effective 9. famous
10. criminal 11. disability 12. unemployed
13. savings 14. guidance 15. desirable
16. refusal 17. unaware 18. respectful
19. equipment 20. surroundings 21. understandable
22. encourage 23. slippery 24. citizenship
25. befriend 26. sharpen 27. unfriendly
28. penniless 29. oversleep 30. unveil
31. risky 32.
emptiness 33. liberate
34. freedom 35. careful 36. outdo
37. understanding 38. uncork 39. misspell
40. forecast
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